LiamAnnotation1

Liam Fitzgerald "Green" Baseball Stadiums Annotation1 (Memo2)

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 * Full Citation**: Justa, Aditi. "World's Most Beautiful Eco-Friendly Sports Stadiums": Green Diary. 29 October 2009


 * Arguments and Sub Arguments**: More than 12 sports stadiums have already started planning or are environmentally friendly. In almost all new stadiums, there are architects that work along side other engineers and work a way to make stadiums more Eco-friendly. The 2012 London Olympic Stadium for example is being made of light weight material that has a low impact on the planet. It will be also lean, compact, and a facade wrapped in environmentally clean hemp. This shows that many environmentally safe stadiums are being made world wide. Many people of London are worried about the cost of this new stadium. It will obviously be more expensive but will it get to the point that the Olympics get to expensive for most people to attend?


 * 2 Quotes**: "Sustainability is one of the top priorities these days in the field of architecture

"Lately, we have seen sports stadiums from different cities going green and moreover, most of the new designs being proposed for the sports stadiums all around the globe are green in a way or the other."

**Evidence:** 1) Lately, we have seen sports stadiums from different cities going green and moreover, most of the new designs being proposed for the sports stadiums all around the globe are green in a way or the other

 2) Architects from all around the world are coming up with highly engineered structures combined with many sustainable features, and sports stadiums are no exception.

 3) It is designed to emulate a garden with green walls, which filter air, reduce greenhouse gases and also provide an adequate level of insulation.


 * Statement:** The article explains 12 different stadiums all around the globe that uses Eco-friendly sports stadiums. They describe the different ways that architectures make new sports stadiums more Eco-friendly. From Nationals Park, to Cowboys Stadium, and all the way to London for the 2012 Olympics, officials are working hard to keep prices low and still make all sports environmentally safe.


 * Information:** The article talks about 2 baseball stadiums. They are Target Field (Home of the Minnesota Twins), and Nationals Park (Home of the Washington Nationals). Both were made in the last couple years, and both use different techniques on how to make their stadium environmentally safe. Nationals Park has energy-efficient lighting and 6300 square feet of green roof covering the concession area, while Target Field works hard on recycling and water usage.

Liam Fitzgerald "Green" Baseball Stadiums Annotation2 (Memo2)

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 * Full Citation**: Hadhazy, Adam. "Green Diamonds: Baseball Stadiums Take a Swing at Energy Efficiency": Scientific American. 5 April 2009

Many [|Major League Baseball] (MLB) teams echo these sentiments, having taken similar action to "green up" their sport. In a partnership announced last year, the commissioner's office joined with the [|Natural Resources Defense Council]  (NRDC), an environmental advocacy group based in New York City, to spearhead the Team Greening Program. The initiative helps teams figure out ways to do their part in protecting the environment and staving off [|climate change] .
 * Arguments and Sub-Arguments:** This article talks about Nationals Park, Safeco Field (Home of the Seattle Mariners), Progressive Field (Home of the Cleveland Indians) and Citizens Bank Park (Home of the Philadelphia Phillies). It discusses how the Indians were the first team to install solar panels for the lights in the 2007 season.


 * 2 Quotes: ** " The Philadelphia Phillies, for example, purchased about $250,000 worth of renewable energy credits to offset their Citizens Bank Park's utility power use for all of 2008" "In a win–win, though, many teams have already financially benefited from reducing energy use and [|expanding recycling] ."

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> 2) Everything reduces to a competition in our game," says John McHale, executive vice president of communications for the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball, only half kidding. "And when you see something this positive come out of that, it's great." <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> 3) We view ourselves as a civic leader, so it's our duty not just to think and act green, but to try to influence fans and the community, as well," says Curtis Danburg, a spokesperson for the team. The franchise put up $100,000 toward the $180,000 panels, with two grants covering the rest. Danburg says the panels generate 8.4 kilowatts, or "enough to energize the 400 televisions we have in the ballpark."
 * Evidence: ** 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">This effort is really changing baseball for the better

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">He says that pro baseball has not yet collectively calculated its <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #19437c; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|carbon footprint] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">, but some individual teams have attempted to keep tabs on their contribution to <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #19437c; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|global warming]. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">The Seattle Mariners, for example, saved almost half a million dollars by cutting natural gas and electricity usage at Safeco Field by about 36 and 18 percent, respectively, the past two seasons, says team spokesperson Rebecca Hale. The organization also recycled 342 tons of plastic, glass and cardboard last year, saving $60,000 in waste disposal costs.
 * Statement: ** This article shows that many MLB teams are attempting to make their stadiums eco-friendly. Some changes are big (Progressive Field Solar Panels) and other are smaller (Yankee Stadium Recycling ). Many environmental advocates believe that all MLB stadiums will be environmentally safe in the next decade.
 * Information: **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">The initiative helps teams figure out ways to do their part in protecting the environment and staving off <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #19437c; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|climate change] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: georgia,times,serif; font-size: 16px;">.

Liam Fitzgerald "Green" Baseball Stadiums Annotation3 (Memo2)

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 * Full Citation**: Chalkey, Brian. "Sydney 2000: The "Green" Games": Geographical Publication. 5 October 1999


 * Arguments and Sub Arguments**: In the early 1970s, environmental issues in the world were being noticed in the media as a major problem. In the competition for the 2000 Olympic Games, many countries were asked if they were going to be using eco-friendly ways for the Olympics. Sydney, Australia gave documents on outlining the Australian government's record in ratifying international environmental treaties. Such treaties talked about protecting World Heritage Sites,. It also pointed out that Sydney was the birthplace of the Australian National Trust. This trust pushed the State Government to pass 50 pieces of legislation in fields such as waste control, land reclamation, and ozone protection.


 * 2 Quotes:** "Since the 1970s, increasing concerns such as resource depletion, population growth, pollution, and climate change have raised public awareness of environmental problems"

"Sydney, with it's pleasing climate, famous harbor, Opera House, and it's many beaches, restaurants, and art galleries will certainly offer an environment which is attractive and Eco-friendly.


 * Evidence:** 1) The Sydney bid made much of the fact that its proposals for the design of the Olympic facilities were prepared in consultation with Greenpeace.

2) The competition to host the 2000 Olympic games were fierce and got world-wide media attention. Environmental safety was a top concern of the judges.

3) The IOC commended Sydney on 'a great emphasis' being placed on environmental protection in all aspects of the bidding process.


 * Statement:** The article talks about the bidding process for the 2000 Olympic Games. It is always a fierce competion to be the host city, but 2000 was one of the first years that environmental safety was a top priority in selection. Sydney, Australia was given the torch to host and were very excited about it. The reading goes in depth about what Sydney promised and what they had to keep the 2000 Olympics fun, affordable, and Eco-friendly all at the same time


 * Information:** Before Sydney's bid, the city's main focuses were land-use, landscape, and amenity considerations. By contrast, the Olympic games give an increased priority on ecological sustainability, and issues such as energy conservation. The Sydney government started work on the Olympic Village in 1992 (8 years before the Games). This design entry brought about a strong working association of Greenpeace and the organizers preparing the Olympic bid.

Liam Fitzgerald "Green" Baseball Stadiums Annotation4 (Memo2)

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 * Full Citation:** Author Anonymous. "Minnesota Twins Hit Home Run With Water Sustainability": Environmental Leader. 12 January 2010


 * Arguments and Sub-Arguments:** Rain water happens everywhere. But, the Minnesota Twins found a way to save and recycle lots of that water. They capture and purify water to use for washing the seats of the stadium. This water is then evaporated back into the air and the process starts over again. They are also using other ways to save water such as low flow urinals and lavatory faucets. All of this is projected to save 2 million gallons of water per year! Water is something that many people don't think of as a big problem, but what the Twins are doing is saving the world.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;"> "The Minnesota Twins will use a rainwater recycling system that should help reduce the need for municipal water by 50 percent."
 * 2 Quotes:** "<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">That stadium has taken extra steps for water quality and conservation."


 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">Evidence: ** 1) C <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">aptured and purified water to be used in washing down the lower decks of the new $425 million, 40,000-seat <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #2e5d8b; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Target Field] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">, as well as to water the baseball field, according to a press release.

2) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;">Twins President Dave St. Peter said the project would help address water scarcity and quality.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px;"> 3) Water efficiency measures, such as regulated lavatory faucets and low-flow urinals, are expected to save 560,000 gallons of water per year. The low-maintenance landscape design should save 4.8 million gallons of water per year.


 * Statement:** Target Field is another example of a baseball stadium trying to be eco-friendly. Water is a product that is used a ton in sports and doing something as simple as using rain water is a big conservation of H2O each year. I believe that all stadiums, new and old, should try what the Twins are doing. All it takes is an underground purifier and it can save millions of gallons of water every year.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Water efficiency measures, such as regulated lavatory faucets and low-flow urinals, are expected to save 560,000 gallons of water per year. The low-maintenance landscape design should save 4.8 million gallons of water per year.
 * Information:** That stadium has taken extra steps for water quality and conservation. A stormwater management system allows rain water to be captured into a comprehensive underground filtering system outside the stadium, where it is harvested, filtered and drained into the Mississippi River.

Liam Fitzgerald "Green" Baseball Stadiums Annotation5 (Memo2)

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 * Full Citation:** Ruane, Scott (University of Miami) . "Marlins' New Stadium Hits A Green Home Run": The Miami Planet. 10 October 2010


 * Arguments and Sub-Arguments:** The Miami Marlins will open their new baseball stadium in 2012 to go along with a new uniform, new manager, and new name. The stadium, like Target Field and Nationals Park, has plans to make it 100% eco-friendly.Their plans include good public transportation options, water-less urinals, and large solar panels to capture natural light. Even the construction of the stadium is environmentally safe. 98% of their waste is being diverted to recycling centers and 41% of the cost of the building materials has been for things made of recycled goods.


 * 2 Quotes:** <span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">"A lot of people don’t connect natural lighting with energy savings, but when you have natural light, you use less artificial light, which also generates heat"

<span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> “Greening” a stadium used to mean additional construction costs of four percent to five percent. But with smarter stadiums becoming more commonplace, the cost of those upgrades has fallen


 * <span style="color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Evidence: ** 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Major League Baseball’s Miami Marlins say that their new $515-million stadium will be no different. It will exemplify South Florida with its vibrant décor, dazzling views, and, significantly, a plethora of environmental features.

2) <span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Solar panels that capitalize on natural light. Waterless urinals that save up to six million gallons of water a year. A vivid $2.5-million, 74-foot sculpture by pop artist Red Grooms just below the scoreboard that will set off mechanical birds, palm trees and dolphins in celebration whenever a Marlin hits a home run.

3) <span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The Marlins stadium will receive the organization’s Silver certificate for achievements in sustainable site development, water and energy savings, types of building materials, and indoor environmental quality.


 * Statement:** This article explains about how the Marlins will make their stadium in South Florida as environmentally safe as possible. It explains how the Marlins will have tons of fun features, including an aquarium, a train straight to the stadium, and palm trees to signify the Florida culture. The Marlins' organization is a great example of how stadiums can be environmentally safe, affordable to attend, and keeping the fun that baseball is known for.

<span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Greening” a stadium used to mean additional construction costs of four percent to five percent. But with smarter stadiums becoming more commonplace, the cost of those upgrades has fallen. Now, Clark says, the additional cost is down to one percent or, in some cases, even less.
 * Information:** <span style="background-color: #ffffe5; color: #513832; font-family: CabinRegular,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">“The Marlins are setting a national example of how to build a facility in the middle of an urban neighborhood that is environmentally responsible and sustainable,” says John Creighton, who is vice president and general manager of Global WorkPlace Solutions.